Workshop 8

Summary

We can define theories as windows, because they give us different perspectives and points of view.

There are three types of perspectives:

1.- Behaviorism:  - Considers the mind as a black box.

                           - Regular responses.

                           - Its instruction is according to repetition and reinforcement (practice).

2.- Cognitivism:   - Considers the mind as a computer.

                           - Defines learning as a recall of store information (Storage: long-term memory).

                           - Its instruction is according to grabbing attention and helping storage.

3.- Constructivism:  -  Considers the mind as a rhizome.

                               - Define learning as a building of knowledge by doing.

                               - Its instruction is guiding solving problems.

Then we have two types of theory:

*Descriptive: Is the learning theory and describes "what learning is?".

*Prescriptive: Is an instructional theory that gives us methods to foster learning and "how do we help people learn?".

Group:

- Melissa Gallardo P.

-Melissa León V.

- Nicole Tapia B.

- Karla Pineda B.

- Monserrat Yañez S.

Task 2 - Session 7

Personally, what model do you prefer?

I personally prefer the constructivism, because the student will have a better understanding of the information that the teacher is giving him, because the teacher is giving the student just the tools to help him to solve a problem or situation. This kind of education is guided to the action. This way, the knowledge will be more understanded, because the student by himself will find the answer.

Task Session 7

1) Define the three models in your own words.

-Traditional education is to transmit to a next generation those skills, facts, and standards of moral and social conduct that adults deem to be necessary for the next generation's material and social success.

-Educators began to rely heavily on teaching by specific behavior objectives and on using standardized methods of instruction

Skinner saw behaviorism extending into politics, economics, and other social organizations He strongly championed it as an educational method that is more practical and produces greater results than any other

-Constructivism is a theory of learning based on the idea that knowledge is constructed by the knower based on mental activity. Learners are considered to be active organisms seeking meaning. Constructions of meaning may initially bear little relationship to reality (as in the naive theories of children), but will become increasing more complex, differentiated and realistic as time goes on.

2) Mention three precursors for each model

-Traditional education: Sócrates, Comenius , Herbat

-Behaviorism: John B. Watson, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Burrhus Frederic Skinner

-Constructivism: Vygotsky , Piaget , Gaston Bachelard.

3) What do they have in common?

-The three precursors have in common the theory of education and how to apply these techniques.

4) What are the main differences among them?

-That each of the precursors has a different ideas or ways to apply and to measure the techniques or theories.

Integrants:

-Norman Vergara

-Noelia Smith

-María José Berndt

-Monserrat Yañez